High quality PT-141, Bremelanotide, CAS No.189691-06-3 CAS NO.189691-06-3

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1. Overview

• Name: PT-141 (Bremelanotide)

• Type: Synthetic peptide drug

• Structure: A cyclic heptapeptide analog based on α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH).

• Function: Regulates sexual function through the central nervous system, independent of traditional vascular or hormonal pathways.

2. Mechanism of Action

The mechanism of PT-141 differs from traditional sexual dysfunction treatments (e.g., PDE5 inhibitors). It works by activating melanocortin receptors (particularly MC4R) in the central nervous system:

• Melanocortin Receptor Activation: PT-141 primarily activates MC4R, influencing brain centers related to sexual desire and arousal.

• Non-Vascular Pathway: Unlike PDE5 inhibitors (e.g., sildenafil), PT-141 does not directly act on the vascular system, resulting in fewer cardiovascular side effects.

• Rapid Onset: PT-141 typically takes effect within 30-60 minutes after injection.

3. Clinical Applications

PT-141 is mainly used to treat the following sexual dysfunctions:

Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (HSDD) in Women

• Indication: Used to treat acquired, generalized hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) in premenopausal women.

• Efficacy: Clinical trials have shown that PT-141 significantly improves sexual desire and satisfaction.

Erectile Dysfunction (ED) in Men

• Indication: Used to treat erectile dysfunction in men, particularly in patients unresponsive to PDE5 inhibitors.

• Efficacy: Studies indicate that PT-141 improves sexual desire and erectile function.

Other Potential Applications

• Depression-Related Sexual Dysfunction: May be effective for sexual dysfunction caused by antidepressant medications.

• Sexual Arousal Disorders: Its potential for treating sexual arousal disorders is under investigation.

4. Administration Methods

• Injection: PT-141 is typically administered via subcutaneous injection.

• Nasal Spray: A nasal spray formulation is under development to improve patient compliance.

5. Research Progress

• FDA Approval: Bremelanotide (the brand name for PT-141) was approved by the FDA in 2019 for treating HSDD in premenopausal women.

• Clinical Trials: Multiple clinical trials have confirmed the safety and efficacy of PT-141 in treating sexual dysfunction in both men and women.

• New Formulations: More convenient administration methods (e.g., oral or nasal spray) are being developed.

6. Potential Side Effects

Side effects of PT-141 are generally mild and include:

• Nausea: The most common side effect, usually occurring shortly after administration.

• Headache: Some patients report mild headaches.

• Facial Flushing: A small number of patients may experience facial flushing.

• Injection Site Reactions: Such as pain or redness.

7. Research Challenges

Despite significant progress, some challenges remain:

• Long-Term Safety: More research is needed to evaluate the long-term safety of PT-141.

• Patient Compliance: Injection administration may affect patient compliance, necessitating the development of more convenient delivery methods.

• Individual Variability: Responses to PT-141 may vary among patients, requiring further research into personalized treatment potential.

8. Future Research Directions

• Novel Delivery Systems: Developing more convenient administration methods, such as oral, nasal spray, or transdermal patches.

• Expanding Indications: Investigating PT-141's applications in other sexual dysfunctions and related conditions.

• Mechanistic Studies: Further elucidating its mechanisms of action in the central nervous system.